a novel method for human astigmatism formulation and measurement

astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in physics and medical physics books theoretically. in this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. the results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance or the farthest vision’s distance to clarity condition at that angle”. secondly, the degree of astigmatism which has been theoretically formulated is measured with a lens with a special focus. to read the degree of astigmatism faster, we have tried to let the machine show the degrees automatically